Table 2 Characteristics of the ROSC (–) versus ROSC ( +) patients with traumatic prehospital cardiac arrest
Characteristicsa | ROSC (–)b (n = 569) | ROSC ( +)b (n = 153) | p-valuec |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, median (IQR), years | 67 (47, 79) | 61.5 (43, 75) | 0.10 |
Sex, n (%) | 0.69 | ||
Male | 296 (76.3) | 78 (78.8) | |
Female | 92 (23.7) | 21 (21.2) | |
Type of injury, n (%) | 0.24 | ||
Blunt | 350 (90.4) | 90 (88.2) | |
Penetrating | 27 (7.0) | 6 (5.9) | |
Others | 10 (2.6) | 6 (5.9) | |
Time, median (IQR), minute | |||
HEMS call ~ HEMS contact patients | 21 (17, 28) | 23 (18, 30) | 0.43 |
HEMS stay at scene | 22 (16, 27) | 22.5 (16, 28) | 0.64 |
HEMS call ~ hospital arrival | 53 (45, 66) | 54 (46, 66) | 0.62 |
AIS, median (IQR) | |||
Head (n = 281) | 2 (0, 5) | 1 (0, 4) | 0.53 |
Face (n = 279) | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | 0.50 |
Chest (n = 284) | 4 (0, 5) | 3 (0, 5) | 0.94 |
Abdomen (n = 290) | 0 (0, 2) | 0 (0, 3) | 0.52 |
Limbs (n = 288) | 0 (0, 3) | 2 (0, 3) | 0.04 |
Skin (n = 282) | 0 (0, 1) | 0 (0, 1) | 0.27 |
Interventions, n (%) | |||
EMS crew | |||
Intravenous route | 97/538 (18.0) | 31/144 (21.5) | 0.34 |
Epinephrine | 57/536 (10.6) | 11/142 (7.7) | 0.35 |
Endotracheal intubation | 17/535 (3.2) | 6/145 (4.1) | 0.60 |
HEMS crew | |||
Chest drainage | 131/569 (23.0) | 12/153 (7.8) | < 0.001 |
Vasopressor agentsd | 441/569 (77.5) | 96/153 (62.7) | < 0.001 |
Bicarbonate | 4/569 (0.7) | 4/153 (2.6) | 0.07 |
Hemostatic agentse | 43/569 (7.6) | 21/153 (13.7) | 0.02 |
Endotracheal intubation | 445/565 (78.8) | 106/153 (69.3) | 0.02 |
Resuscitative Thoracotomy | 195/569 (34.3) | 20/153 (13.1) | < 0.001 |
Blood transfusion | 10/569 (1.8) | 2/153 (1.3) | 1.00 |