Skip to main content

Table 4 Association of COVID ICU patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics with intubation

From: Outcomes of critically ill COVID-19 patients boarding in the emergency department of a tertiary care center in a developing country: a retrospective cohort study

 

Total, n = 145

No intubation, n = 52 (35.9%)

Intubation, n = 93 (64.1%)

p value

Sex

Female

42 (29%)

19 (36.5%)

23 (24.7%)

0.133

Male

103 (71%)

33 (63.5%)

70 (75.3%)

Age

 ≤ 65

55 (37.9%)

23 (44.2%)

32 (34.4%)

0.242

 > 65

90 (62.1%)

29 (55.8%)

61 (65.6%)

O2 triage

 < 95

101 (70.1%)

29 (56.9%)

72 (77.4%)

0.01

 ≥ 95

43 (29.9%)

22 (43.1%)

21 (22.6%)

ED LOS (days)

6.80 ± 4.9

5.88 ± 4.99

7.32 ± 4.76

0.09

 Comorbidities

Cardiovascular comorbid

114 (78.6%)

38 (73.1%)

76 (81.7%)

0.223

CVA

8 (5.5%)

3 (5.8%)

5 (5.4%)

1

Dementia

6 (4.1%)

3 (5.8%)

3 (3.2%)

0.667

Liver disease

2 (1.4%)

1 (1.9%)

1 (1.1%)

1

Kidney disease

23 (15.9%)

7 (13.5%)

16 (17.2%)

0.554

DM

62 (42.8%)

19 (36.5%)

43 (46.2%)

0.258

PVD

2 (1.4%)

0 (0%)

2 (2.2%)

0.537

COPD

9 (6.2%)

3 (5.8%)

6 (6.5%)

1

Other comorbidities

64 (44.1%)

26 (50%)

38 (40.9%)

0.288

Hospital medications

 Vasopressor

58 (40%)

7 (13.5%)

51 (54.8%)

 < 0.001

 Steroids

139 (95.9%)

49 (94.2%)

90 (96.8%)

0.461

 Anticoagulants or antiplatelets

115 (79.3%)

39 (75%)

76 (81.7%)

0.338

 Antibiotics/antifungals/antivirals

137 (94.5%)

46 (88.5%)

91 (97.8%)

0.025

 Remdesivir

82 (56.6%)

22 (42.3%)

60 (64.5%)

0.01

 Baricitinib

23 (15.9%)

8 (15.4%)

15 (16.1%)

0.906

Complications

 Respiratory complications

89 (61.4%)

20 (38.5%)

69 (74.2%)

 < 0.001

 Acute kidney injury

49 (33.8%)

11 (21.2%)

38 (40.9%)

0.016

 Septic shock and DIC

49 (33.8%)

6 (11.5%)

43 (46.2%)

 < 0.001

 Hyper-coagulopathy

21 (14.5%)

4 (7.7%)

17 (18.3%)

0.082

 Cardiovascular complications

71 (49%)

18 (34.6%)

53 (57%)

0.01

 Infection

34 (23.4%)

6 (11.5%)

28 (30.1%)

0.011

 Other complications

18 (12.4%)

4 (7.7%)

14 (15.1%)

.197

 Dialysis

23 (15.9%)

1 (1.9%)

22 (23.7%)

0.001

O2 requirement

 O2 high flow

22 (15.2%)

8 (15.4%)

14 (15.1%)

0.958

 O2 BIPAP

56 (38.6%)

24 (46.2%)

32 (34.4%)

0.164

Sex

Female

42 (29%)

19 (36.5%)

23 (24.7%)

0.133

Male

103 (71%)

33 (63.5%)

70 (75.3%)

Age

 ≤ 65

55 (37.9%)

23 (44.2%)

32 (34.4%)

0.242

 > 65

90 (62.1%)

29 (55.8%)

61 (65.6%)

O2 triage

 < 95

101 (70.1%)

29 (56.9%)

72 (77.4%)

0.01

 ≥ 95

43 (29.9%)

22 (43.1%)

21 (22.6%)

ED LOS (days)

6.80 ± 4.9

5.88 ± 4.99

7.32 ± 4.76

0.09

 Comorbidities

Cardiovascular comorbid

114 (78.6%)

38 (73.1%)

76 (81.7%)

0.223

CVA

8 (5.5%)

3 (5.8%)

5 (5.4%)

1

Dementia

6 (4.1%)

3 (5.8%)

3 (3.2%)

0.667

Liver disease

2 (1.4%)

1 (1.9%)

1 (1.1%)

1

Kidney disease

23 (15.9%)

7 (13.5%)

16 (17.2%)

0.554

DM

62 (42.8%)

19 (36.5%)

43 (46.2%)

0.258

PVD

2 (1.4%)

0 (0%)

2 (2.2%)

0.537

COPD

9 (6.2%)

3 (5.8%)

6 (6.5%)

1

Other comorbidities

64 (44.1%)

26 (50%)

38 (40.9%)

0.288

Hospital medications

 Vasopressor

58 (40%)

7 (13.5%)

51 (54.8%)

 < 0.001

 Steroids

139 (95.9%)

49 (94.2%)

90 (96.8%)

0.461

 Anticoagulants or antiplatelets

115 (79.3%)

39 (75%)

76 (81.7%)

0.338

 Antibiotics/antifungals/antivirals

137 (94.5%)

46 (88.5%)

91 (97.8%)

0.025

 Remdesivir

82 (56.6%)

22 (42.3%)

60 (64.5%)

0.01

 Baricitinib

23 (15.9%)

8 (15.4%)

15 (16.1%)

0.906

Complications

 Respiratory complications a

89 (61.4%)

20 (38.5%)

69 (74.2%)

 < 0.001

 Acute kidney injury

49 (33.8%)

11 (21.2%)

38 (40.9%)

0.016

 Septic shock and DIC

49 (33.8%)

6 (11.5%)

43 (46.2%)

 < 0.001

 Hyper-coagulopathy

21 (14.5%)

4 (7.7%)

17 (18.3%)

0.082

 Cardiovascular complications

71 (49%)

18 (34.6%)

53 (57%)

0.01

 Infection

34 (23.4%)

6 (11.5%)

28 (30.1%)

0.011

 Other complications b

18 (12.4%)

4 (7.7%)

14 (15.1%)

.197

 Dialysis

23 (15.9%)

1 (1.9%)

22 (23.7%)

0.001

O2 requirement

 O2 high flow

22 (15.2%)

8 (15.4%)

14 (15.1%)

0.958

 O2 BIPAP

56 (38.6%)

24 (46.2%)

32 (34.4%)

0.164

  1. CVA cerebral vascular accident, DM diabetes mellites, PVD peripheral vascular disease, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, DIC disseminated intravascular coagulation
  2. aRespiratory complications include ARDS, pneumothorax, respiratory failure, or pneumomediastinum
  3. bOther complications are metabolic acidosis or hemorrhage or cecal perforation or Rhabdomyolysis. Hyper-coagulopathy includes stroke, deep venous thrombosis (DVT), or pulmonary embolism (PE)
Back to article page

International Journal of Emergency Medicine

ISSN: 1865-1380

Contact us