Table 1 HEARTS ECG workshop overview
From: The HEARTS ECG workshop: a novel approach to resident and student ECG education
Workshop blocks | Clinical presentations | Learning points |
|---|---|---|
Introduction: HEARTS approach to ECGs (35 min) | Didactic teaching | • ECG basics • Cardiac anatomy • ECG correlates with pathophysiology • HEARTS approach |
Palpitations (40 min) | • Supraventricular tachycardia • Ventricular tachycardia • Atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response • Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome | • Develop a differential for tachycardia (wide, narrow, regular, irregular) • ECG application in the approach to stable vs. unstable patients • Recognizing WPW and its clinical significance |
Weakness (40 min) | • Hyperkalemia • Infero-posterior occlusion Myocardial Infarction • Atrial Flutter with slow ventricular response • Complete heart block | • Identifying ECG findings of Hyperkalemia and appropriate clinical management • Recognizing emergent causes of bradycardia • Recognizing ECG correlates related to demand ischemia • Identifying appropriate clinical management of causes of bradycardia |
Break 30 min | ||
Syncope (40 min) | • Bifascicular block • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy • Brugada syndrome • Prolonged QT | • Develop a systematic approach to syncope based on ECG correlates • Understand the cardiac conduction system and pathophysiology associated with ECG findings (AV block, fascicular block) • Recognizing congenital vs structural causes of syncope and their ECG correlates • Approach to prolonged QT |
Shortness of breath (40 min) | • Acute pulmonary embolism with right heart strain • Pericardial effusion • Posterior occlusion Myocardial infarction • Normal left bundle branch block in patient with COPD | • Develop a differential for shortness of breath • Identify ECG correlates of acute right heart strain associated with pulmonary embolism • Identify ECG correlates of tamponade • Understand how POCUS can complement ECG findings |
Chest pain (40 min) | • Pericarditis • Benign early repolarization • Left ventricular hypertrophy with secondary repolarization abnormalities • Anterior occlusion Myocardial Infarction | • Develop a differential diagnosis for ST-segment elevation, and differentiate between secondary and primary causes • Differentiate between benign vs. concerning ST-segment elevation • Identify ECG features of pericarditis |