Self-discharge during treatment for acute recreational drug toxicity: an observational study from emergency departments in seven European countries

Table 1 Presentations with acute recreational drug toxicity 2014–2017: self-discharge rates per participating centre

Euro-DEN Plus centre	Inclusion period	Total ED presentations mean per annum	Included presentations mean per annum	Centre total included presentations n	Self-discharge n	Other discharge n	Self-discharge rate (% of centre total included presentations)
Oslo OAEOC, Norway^a	2014–2017	169,901	1500	6001	1026	4975	17.1
Monza, Italy	2017	105,388	113	113	14	99	12.4
London STH, UK	2014–2017	144,030	964	3855	425	3430	11.0
Basel, Switzerland	2014–2017	51,218	238	953	93	860	9.8
London KCH, UK	2014–2017	139,876	414	1657	160	1497	9.7
Bratislava, Slovakia^b	2016–2017	36,626	74	147	12	135	8.2
Bern, Switzerland	2016–2017	45,077	233	465	26	439	5.6
Lugano, Switzerland^c	2017, 2nd half	114,178	210	105	4	101	3.8
Oslo OUH, Norway	2014–2017	25,746	191	762	22	740	2.9
Barcelona, Spain	2014–2017	91,742	165	661	18	643	2.7
Tallinn, Estonia	2014–2017	79,727	104	416	7	409	1.7
Total				15 135	1807	13 328	11.9

ED Emergency department, KCH King’s College Hospital, OAEOC Oslo Accident and Emergency Outpatient Clinic, OUH Oslo University Hospital, STH St Thomas’ Hospital
All centres are single hospital EDs, except:
^aThe OAEOC is a primary care emergency outpatient clinic with limited diagnostic and treatment resources serving as a pre-ED for the four hospitals in Oslo (amongst which the OUH is one). In Norway, patients have to be assessed in primary care or by the ambulance service before going to hospital
^bThe Bratislava centre is the Slovakian National Toxicological Information Centre, which belongs to the University Hospital Bratislava. The centre collects data from three EDs which are part of the University Hospital Bratislava
^cThe Lugano centre is a specialised clinical pharmacology and toxicology unit providing consultancy to a network of four teaching hospitals in southern Switzerland and collects data from the EDs of these four hospitals

ISSN: 1865-1380