Table 3 Model estimates for emergency department number of visits (subgroups) in Zurich (ZH), Geneva (GE), and Ticino (TI)

Models including children 0–4 years old only

 ZH

1.006 [0.959; 1.056]

0.493*** [0.439; 0.554]

1.628*** [1.472; 1.802]

 GE

1.052 [0.987; 1.122]

0.444*** [0.361; 0.545]

1.539*** [1.284; 1.844]

 TI

1.048 [0.966; 1.136]

0.456*** [0.385; 0.539]

1.590*** [1.376; 1.837]

Models including urgent cases only

 ZH

1.048 [0.965; 1.139]

0.573*** [0.498; 0.659]

1.444*** [1.279; 1.631]

 GE

1.101* [1.012; 1.198]

0.487*** [0.375; 0.632]

1.476*** [1.176; 1.854]

 TI

1.387*** [1.223; 1.573]

0.676*** [0.570; 0.802]

1.027 [0.885; 1.193]

Models including hospitalized patients only

 ZH

0.999 [0.952; 1.048]

0.749*** [0.693; 0.808]

1.186*** [1.111; 1.267]

 GE

1.051* [1.005; 1.099]

0.593*** [0.481; 0.732]

1.396*** [1.166; 1.670]

 TI

1.216*** [1.085; 1.363]

0.989 [0.822; 1.190]

0.790** [0.671; 0.932]