Table 1 Guidelines for different types of circulatory shock and recommendations to be implemented within the first 30 min
Latest guidelines | Recommendations to be implemented within the first 30–60 min | |
|---|---|---|
Septic shock | Surviving sepsis campaign 2021 [2] | Measure lactate levels. Obtain blood cultures before administering antibiotics. Administer broad-spectrum antibiotics. Begin to rapidly administer 30 ml/kg crystalloid for hypotension or lactate ≥ 4 mmol/L. |
Cardiogenic shock | American Heart Association 2022 [3] | No specific timeline recommendations |
Hypovolemic hemorrhagic shock | Control any external bleeding and maintain SBP < 90 mmHg (higher target in patients with brain trauma) until bleeding is controlled | |
Hypovolemic non-hemorrhagic shock | No guidelines identified | |
Obstructive (pulmonary embolism) | European Society of Cardiology 2019 [5] | No specific timeline guidelines except of urgent echocardiography to detect RV failure for possible reperfusion. |
Obstructive (cardiac tamponade) | No guidelines identified | |
Obstructive (tension pneumothorax) | No guidelines identified |