Epidemiology and outcomes of critically ill patients in the emergency department of a tertiary teaching hospital in Rwanda

Table 2 Characteristics of critical care interventions performed

Intervention		Mode of arrival, n (%)				Chief complaint, n (%)				Triage category, n (%)
Intervention	Overall N = 320	Self-presented	Ambulance	Transfer	p-value	Trauma	Surgical	Medical	p-value	Orange	Red without alarm	Red with alarm	p-value
Any intervention	74 (23.1)	23 (17.3)	12 (21.8)	39 (29.6)	0.059	22 (15.6)	7 (29.2)	44 (29.1)	0.018	27 (12.9)	25 (34.3)	22 (57.9)	< 0.001
CPR	33 (10.3)	7 (5.3)	7 (12.7)	19 (14.4)	0.041	10 (7.1)	3 (12.5)	19 (12.6)	0.276	7 (3.4)	10 (13.7)	16 (42.1)	< 0.001
Intubation	28 (8.8)	7 (5.3)	5 (9.1)	16 (12.2)	0.141	11 (7.8)	1 (4.2)	15 (9.9)	0.588	6 (2.9)	9 (12.3)	13 (34.2)	< 0.001
Vasopressor	10 (3.1)	4 (3.0)	1 (1.8)	5 (3.8)	0.776	1 (0.7)	3 (12.5)	6 (4.0)	0.007	4 (1.9)	4 (5.5)	2 (5.3)	0.232
Tube Thoracostomy	9 (2.8)	4 (3.0	1 (1.8)	4 (3.0)	0.887	4 (2.8)	0 (0.0)	5 (3.3)	0.663	6 (2.9)	2 (2.7)	1 (2.6)	0.996
Thoracentesis	9 (2.8)	2 (1.5)	2 (3.6)	5 (3.8)	0.489	1 (0.7)	1 (4.2)	7 (4.6)	0.121	2 (1.0)	6 (8.2)	1 (2.6)	0.005
Central venous access	6 (1.9)	2 (1.5)	0 (0.0)	4 (3.0)	0.349	1 (0.7)	1 (4.2)	4 (2.7)	0.335	3 (1.4)	2 (2.7)	1 (2.6)	0.728
Pericardiocentesis	4 (1.3)	3 (2.3)	0 (0.0)	1 (0.8)	0.360	2 (1.4)	0 (0.0)	2 (1.3)	0.845	4 (1.9)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0.341
Non-invasive ventilation	3 (0.9)	1 (0.8)	0 (0.0)	2 (1.5)	0.593	0 (0.0)	2 (8.3)	1 (0.7)	< 0.001	2 (1.0)	1 (1.4)	0 (0.0)	0.778

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