Table 2 Early warning score performance and clinical utility for in-hospital mortality and mechanical ventilation in emergency patients with pneumonia
Discrimination | Calibration | Overall performance | Clinical utility | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Score | AUROC (95%CI) | Hosmer-Lemeshow Test | Nagelkerke’s R-Square (%) | Score category | Sensitivity (95%CI) | Specificity (95%CI) | PPV (95%CI) | NPV (95%CI) | LR+ (95%CI) | LR- (95%CI) |
In-hospital mortality | ||||||||||
A-DROP | 0.698 (0.659, 0.737) | 0.391 | 15.7 | A-DROP ≥ 2 | 80.9 (75.7–85.4) | 49.9 (45.2–54.5) | 48.7 (44.0-53.4) | 81.6 (76.6–86.0) | 1.6 (1.5–1.8) | 0.4 (0.3–0.5) |
NEWS2 | 0.657 (0.617, 0.698) | 0.160 | 8.6 | NEWS2 ≥ 8 | 75.7 (70.2–80.7) | 49.5 (44.8–54.1) | 46.8 (42.1–51.6) | 77.6 (72.4–82.3) | 1.5 (1.3–1.7) | 0.5 (0.4–0.6) |
REMS | 0.637 (0.596, 0.678) | 0.922 | 7.6 | REMS ≥ 11 | 52.6 (46.5–58.6) | 66.7 (62.6–71.0) | 48.1 (42.3–54.0) | 70.5 (66.0-74.8) | 1.6 (1.3–1.9) | 0.7 (0.6–0.8) |
Mechanical ventilation | ||||||||||
A-DROP | 0.482 (0.432, 0.531) | 0.954 | 0.1 | A-DROP ≥ 5 | 1.2 (0.1–4.1) | 99.3 (98.2–99.8) | 33.3 (4.3–77.7) | 76.7 (73.4–79.7) | 1.6 (0.3–8.9) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) |
NEWS2 | 0.576 (0.527, 0.625) | 0.541 | 1.8 | NEWS2 ≥ 9 | 55.8 (48.1–63.4) | 56.1 (51.9–60.3) | 28.0 (23.3–33.1) | 80.6 (76.3–84.4) | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | 0.8 (0.7-1.0) |
REMS | 0.557 (0.506, 0.607) | 0.120 | 1.4 | REMS ≥ 14 | 22.1 (16.1–29.0) | 88.6 (85.7–91.1) | 37.3 (27.9–47.4) | 78.8 (75.4–82.0) | 1.9 (1.4–2.8) | 0.9 (0.8-1.0) |