Table 1 Sociodemographic, injury-related profile, and hospital course between patients with elevated and normal initial serum lactate levels (iSL) at the Puerto Rico Trauma Hospital (July 2014 – June 2019) (N = 536)
Characteristic | Elevated (≥ 19.9 mg/dL) (n = 291) n (%) | Normal (4.5–19.8 mg/dL) (n = 245) n (%) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographic | |||
Gender | |||
Male | 241 (82.8) | 182 (74.3) | 0.02 * |
Age | |||
Mean (SD) | 43.9 (18.9) | 45.5 (19.7) | 0.32 |
Median (p25, p75) | 39.5 (27, 59) | 45 (28, 59) | |
Categories | 0.32 | ||
65+ | 49 (16.8) | 46 (18.8) | |
40–64 | 96 (33.0) | 92 (37.6) | |
18–39 | 146 (50.2) | 107 (43.6) | |
Health Insurance Status | 0.73 | ||
Private | 176 (60.5) | 156 (63.7) | |
Public | 101 (34.7) | 79 (32.2) | |
Uninsured | 14 (4.8) | 10 (4.1) | |
Injured-related Profile | |||
Mechanism of injury | < 0.01 * | ||
MVC | 113 (38.8) | 105 (42.9) | |
GSW | 77 (26.5) | 32 (13.0) | |
SW | 13 (4.5) | 14 (5.7) | |
Falls | 33 (11.3) | 35 (14.3) | |
Pedestrians | 44 (15.1) | 34 (13.9) | |
Others | 11 (3.8) | 25 (10.2) | |
Types of Injury | < 0.01 * | ||
Blunt Trauma | 200 (68.7) | 197 (80.4) | |
Penetrating Trauma | 91 (31.3) | 48 (19.6) | |
Injury Severity Score | |||
Mean (SD) | 18.8 (9.5) | 15.0 (9.4) | |
Median (p25, p75) | 17 (13, 24) | 13 (9, 20) | < 0.01 * |
Categories | < 0.01 * | ||
25–75 | 65 (22.3) | 36 (14.7) | |
15–24 | 124 (42.6) | 72 (29.4) | |
1–14 | 102 (35.1) | 137 (55.9) | |
Injured Body Region | |||
Head & Neck | 97 (33.3) | 65 (26.5) | 0.09 |
Chest | 180 (61.9) | 144 (58.8) | 0.47 |
Abdomen | 188 (64.6) | 123 (50.2) | < 0.01 * |
Extremity | 163 (56.0) | 120 (49.0) | 0.10 |
External | 126 (43.3) | 80 (32.7) | 0.01 * |
Glasgow Coma Scale | (n = 289) ± | < 0.01 * | |
3–8 | 74 (25.6) | 32 (13.1) | |
9–12 | 21 (7.3) | 16 (6.5) | |
13–15 | 194 (67.1) | 197 (80.4) | |
SBP (mmHg) | |||
Mean (SD) | 122.0 (27.8) | 128.0 (24.4) | |
Median (p25, p75) | 120 (104, 138) | 129 (112, 142) | < 0.01 * |
<90 mmHg | 32 (11.0) | 16 (6.5) | 0.07 |
Respiratory Rate (breaths/min) | (n = 280) ± | (n = 237) ± | |
Mean (SD) | 22.8 (7.6) | 20.4 (5.6) | |
Median (p25, p75) | 21 (18, 28) | 19 (17, 22) | < 0.01 * |
>20 breaths/min | 150 (53.6) | 86 (36.3) | < 0.01 * |
Heart Rate (beats/min) | |||
Mean (SD) | 103.9 (26.0) | 95.1 (24.0) | < 0.01 * |
Median (p25, p75) | 104 (85, 121) | 93 (78, 108) | |
>100 beats/min | 157 (54.0) | 92 (37.6) | < 0.01 * |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | (n = 290) ± | ||
Mean (SD) | 1.2 (0.5) | 1.0 (0.4) | |
Median (p25, p75) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.3) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) | < 0.01 * |
>1.2 mg/dL | 98 (33.8) | 49 (20.0) | < 0.01 * |
Albumin (g/dL) | (n = 242) ± | ||
Mean (SD) | 3.4 (0.8) | 3.6 (0.6) | |
Median (p25, p75) | 3.5 (2.9, 4) | 3.7 (3.3, 4) | < 0.01 * |
<3.4 g/dL | 123 (42.3) | 74 (30.6) | < 0.01 * |
Hospital Course | |||
TICU Admission | |||
Yes | 189 (65.0) | 116 (47.4) | < 0.01 * |
TICU LOS (days) | |||
Mean (SD) | 23.0 (20.4) | 20.3 (25.9) | |
Median (p25, p75) | 17 (8, 31) | 11.5 (5.5, 23) | < 0.01 * |
Need of MV | |||
Yes | 195 (67.0) | 103 (42.0) | < 0.01 * |
MV LOS (days) | |||
Mean (SD) | 20.4 (19.7) | 19.4 (23.6) | |
Median (p25, p75) | 15 (7, 27) | 13 (6, 22) | 0.12 |
Hospital LOS (days) | |||
Mean (SD) | 29.2 (29.0) | 20.9 (27.6) | |
Median (p25, p75) | 19 (9, 40) | 11 (5, 26) | < 0.01 * |
In-hospital Mortality | |||
Dead | 66 (22.7) | 29 (11.8) | < 0.01 * |