Table 2 Level of consciousness, injury severity, and patient outcome following injury events
From: Traumatic head injuries in children: demographics, injury patterns, and outcomes in Saudi Arabia
Variables | Total | Infant | Preschool | Schoolchildren | Adolescent | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N= 466 | N = 43 | N= 99 | N = 176 | N = 148 | ||
GCS | 0.01 | |||||
Median (IQR) | 15 (7–15) | 15 (15–15) | 15 (7–15) | 15 (7–15) | 12.5 (7–15) | |
GCS score, n (%) | 404 (86.7) | 33 | 88 | 153 | 130 | 0.07 |
3 − 8 | 147 (36.4) | 5 (15.1) | 31 (35.2) | 59 (38.5) | 52 (40.0) | |
9 − 12 | 28 (6.9) | 2 (6.1) | 4 (4.6) | 9 (5.9) | 13 (10.0) | |
13 − 15 | 229 (56.7) | 26 (78.8) | 53 (60.2) | 85 (55.6) | 65 (50.0) | |
ISS | < 0.001 | |||||
Median (IQR) | 17 (9–22) | 9 (9–18) | 14 (9–21) | 17 (9–24) | 17 (13–25) | |
ISS group, n (%) | 466 (100) | 0.011 | ||||
≤ 15 | 214 (45.9) | 29 (67.4) | 53 (53.5) | 80 (45.6) | 52 (35.1) | |
16–25 | 161 (34.6) | 11 (25.6) | 32 (32.3) | 58 (32.9) | 60 (40.5) | |
26–40 | 77 (16.5) | 3 (6.9) | 10 (10.0) | 32 (18.2) | 32 (21.6) | |
> 40 | 14 (3.0) | 0 (0) | 4 (4.0) | 6 (3.4) | 4 (2.7) | |
Disposition from ED, n (%) | 466 (100) | 0.141 | ||||
Ward | 201 (43.1) | 27 (62.8) | 47 (47.5) | 69 (39.2) | 58 (39.2) | |
ICU | 207 (44.4) | 10 (23.3) | 39 (39.4) | 82 (46.6) | 76 (51.4) | |
Operating theatre | 52 (11.2) | 5 (11.6) | 12 (12.1) | 21 (11.9) | 14 (9.4) | |
Mortuary/died in ED | 5 (1.1) | 1 (2.3) | 1 (1.0) | 3 (1.7) | 0 (0) | |
Discharged home | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0) | |
Requires surgery, n (%) | 466 (100) | < 0.001 | ||||
Yes | 222 (47.6) | 11 (25.6) | 37 (37.4) | 86 (48.9) | 88 (59.5) | |
No | 244 (52.4) | 32 (74.4) | 62 (62.6) | 90 (51.1) | 60 (40.5) | |
ICU admission, n (%) | 466 (100) | 0.006 | ||||
Yes | 262 (56.2) | 14 (32.6) | 53 (53.5) | 104 (59.1) | 91 (61.5) | |
No | 204 (43.8) | 29 (67.4) | 46 (46.5) | 72 (40.9) | 57 (38.5) | |
Days in ICU (in days) | 466 (100) | |||||
Median (IQR) | 2 (0–11) | 0 (0–5) | 2 (0–10) | 3 (0–11) | 3 (0–13) | 0.037 |
Days in hospital (in days) | ||||||
Median (IQR) | 7 (4–19) | 5 (2–14) | 6 (4–18) | 7 (4–17) | 10 (5–25) | 0.01 |
Discharge Destination n (%) | 466 (100) | 0.07 | ||||
Discharged home | 399 (85.6) | 42 (97.7) | 86 (86.9) | 148 (84.1) | 123 (83.1) | |
Transfer | 31 (6.7) | 0 (0) | 7 (7.1) | 9 (5.1) | 15 (10.1) | |
Mortuary/died | 36 (7.7) | 1 (2.3) | 6 (6.1) | 19 (10.8) | 10 (6.8) | |
Mortality | 466 (100) | 0.19 | ||||
Yes | 36 (7.7) | 1 (2.3) | 6 (6.1) | 19 (10.8) | 10 (6.8) | |
No | 430 (92.3) | 42 (97.7) | 93 (93.9) | 157 (89.2) | 138 (93.2) | |