Table 2 Glossary of technology terms for the medical educator [21, 23, 24]
From: Precision education – a call to action to transform medical education
Term (Abbreviation) | Definition | Example |
|---|---|---|
Algorithm | Step-by-step set of instructions used to solve a problem | Step-by-step description of how to insert a central venous access catheter |
Artificial Intelligence (AI) | Process that enables a computer to interact with the human world using perceptions that are generally associated with human traits (e.g., speech, visual interpretation, behavioral actions) | Chatbot on a website’s customer service page |
Artificial Intelligence Education (AIEd) | Application of AI to the educational setting to create a unique and adaptive learning structure for each learner | Language learning app that tailors future lessons to individual learners to drill missed items and skip mastered skills |
Augmented Reality (AR) | Addition of computer-based features to a real-world system | Yellow line indicating a “first-down” superimposed on a football field during a telecast |
Big Data | Vast and ever-growing collection of data in a given domain | Patient databases; Aggregated standardized test scores |
Decision Theory | Mathematical analysis of options to guide the best course of action that considers relative risks and benefits | Weigh the effect of an extra 20 h of studying to improve a score by 1-point on a criterion-based exam |
Deep Learning | Sophisticated subset of machine learning that uses neural networks to help the computer train itself to improve its skill from its own experience and without additional human input. | Online translation platform that adjusts for grammar, syntax, and idioms instead of a literal translation from the original language |
Machine Learning (ML) | Type of AI that allows computers to learn from their own experience and available data to improve their ability to perform tasks or to improve their accuracy of prediction of outcomes | Virtual assistant who can comprehend and predict needs of its human user |
Natural Language Processing (NLP) | Type of AI that recognizes language-based input to process understanding | Automatic real-time captioning of the spoken word to create a written record of what was said |
Neural Network | Series of interconnected datasets that interact with one another in the process of deep (machine) learning to weigh alternatives and learn from past experiences and interactions. The terminology is based on the interactive function of the human brain. | Self-driving car |
Virtual Reality (VR) | A computer-generated immersive environment that may include multisensory input and enables the user to control interactivity. It is generally accessed through a technological interface | Flight simulator |