Table 2 Odds ratios of in-hospital mortality following TDI according to patient characteristics
Variables | Death n = 162 (21.0%) | Survived n = 609 (79.0%) | OR (95%CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 62 [44–75] | 54 [38–68] | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) |  < 0.001 |
Sex, Male | 104 (64.2%) | 411 (67.5%) | 0.86 (0.60–1.24) | 0.45 |
Type of trauma | ||||
 Penetrating injury | 19 (11.7%) | 211 (34.6%) | 0.25 (0.15–0.41) |  < 0.001 |
 Blunt injury | 143 (88.3%) | 398 (65.4%) | 1 (reference) | - |
TDI classification | ||||
 Contusion (OIS I) | 12 (7.4%) | 41 (6.7%) | 1 (reference) | - |
 Laceration (OIS II-IV) | 75 (46.3%) | 295 (48.4%) | 0.86 (0.43–1.73) | 0.71 |
 Rupture with herniation | 75 (46.3%) | 273 (44.8%) | 0.93 (0.46–1.87) | 0.85 |
Hypotension on hospital arrival* | 85 (52.5%) | 121 (19.9%) | 4.45 (3.08–6.42) |  < 0.001 |
Shock Index ≥ 1 on hospital arrival** | 92 (56.8%) | 200 (32.8%) | 2.68 (1.88–3.82) |  < 0.001 |
ISS | 41 [28–50] | 25 [18–34] | 1.07 (1.06–1.09) |  < 0.001 |
RTS | 5.1 [2.8–6.6] | 7.6 [6.6–7.8] | 0.48 (0.42–0.55) |  < 0.001 |
Body region of severe concomitant injury | ||||
 Head | 56 (34.6%) | 103 (16.9%) | 2.59 (1.76–3.82) |  < 0.001 |
 Abdomen | 87 (53.7%) | 237 (38.9%) | 1.82 (1.28–2.58) |  < 0.001 |
 Vertebra | 8 (4.9%) | 28 (4.6%) | 1.07 (0.48–2.41) | 0.83 |
 Upper extremity | 18 (11.1%) | 23 (3.8%) | 3.18 (1.67–6.05) |  < 0.001 |
 Lower extremity including pelvis | 73 (45.1%) | 112 (18.4%) | 3.63 (2.51–5.27) |  < 0.001 |
Associated injury | ||||
 Hemothorax or pneumothorax | 68 (42.0%) | 253 (41.5%) | 1.01 (0.71–1.44) | 0.92 |
 Tension pneumothorax | 4 (2.5%) | 12 (2.0%) | 1.25 (0.40–3.95) | 0.75 |
 Massive hemothorax | 6 (3.7%) | 15 (2.5%) | 1.52 (0.58–3.98) | 0.41 |
 Flail chest | 14 (8.6%) | 22 (3.6%) | 2.52 (1.26–5.05) | 0.011 |
 Thoracic aorta | 14 (8.6%) | 26 (4.3%) | 2.12 (1.08–4.16) | 0.043 |
 Heart | 12 (7.4%) | 16 (2.6%) | 2.96 (1.37–6.40) | 0.007 |
 Lung | 60 (37.0%) | 224 (36.8%) | 1.01 (0.70–1.44) | 1.00 |
 Rib | 90 (55.6%) | 268 (44.0%) | 1.59 (1.12–2.25) | 0.010 |
 Sternum | 6 (3.7%) | 12 (2.0%) | 1.91 (0.70–5.17) | 0.23 |
 Colon | 12 (7.4%) | 43 (7.1%) | 1.05 (0.54–2.04) | 0.86 |
 Intestine | 10 (6.2%) | 49 (8.1%) | 0.75 (0.37–1.51) | 0.50 |
 Kidney | 19 (11.7%) | 55 (9.0%) | 1.33 (0.76–2.32) | 0.29 |
 Live | 61 (37.7%) | 187 (30.7%) | 1.36 (0.94–1.95) | 0.10 |
 Mesentery | 22 (13.6%) | 62 (10.2%) | 1.38 (0.82–2.33) | 0.25 |
 Pancreas | 7 (4.3%) | 23 (3.8%) | 1.15 (0.48–2.73) | 0.81 |
 Spleen | 35 (21.6%) | 120 (19.7%) | 1.12 (0.73–1.71) | 0.58 |
 Stomach | 8 (4.9%) | 58 (9.5%) | 0.49 (0.23–1.05) | 0.080 |
CT of chest/abdomen | 112 (69.1%) | 544 (89.3%) | 0.26 (0.17–0.40) |  < 0.001 |
Initial therapeutic management | ||||
 Thoracotomy/laparotomy | 96 (59.3%) | 453 (74.4%) | 0.50 (0.34–0.71) |  < 0.001 |
 Endoscopic surgery alone | 1 (0.6%) | 29 (4.8%) | 0.12 (0.01–0.91) | 0.010 |
 Non-operative management | 65 (40.1%) | 127 (20.9%) | 2.54 (1.75–3.68) |  < 0.001 |
Diaphragm repair | 37 (22.8%) | 355 (58.3%) | 0.21 (0.14–0.31) |  < 0.001 |
Blood transfusion within 24 h | 134 (82.7%) | 401 (65.8%) | 2.74 (1.72–4.37) |  < 0.001 |