Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants

Age(year)

67(53–79)

65(49–77)

0.171

76(62–82)

72(59–84)

0.591

18–65

70(45%)

153(50%)

45(30%)

77(36%)

> 65

84(55%)

152(50%)

104(70%)

138(64%)

Gender

0.842

0.939

Female

57(37%)

110(36%)

68(46%)

99(46%)

Male

97(63%)

195(64%)

81(54%)

116(54%)

Ethnicity

0.206

0.030*

White

123(80%)

227(74%)

117(79%)

158(73%)

Asian

2(1%)

5(2%)

10(6%)

15(7%)

Black

7(5%)

9(3%)

15(10%)

13(6%)

Other

22(14%)

64(21%)

7(5%)

29(14%)

Admission

type

0.032*

0.010*

Emergency

5(3%)

2(1%)

103(69%)

186(87%)

Elective

149(975)

303(99%)

46(31%)

29(13%)

Height(cm)

170(167–175)

171(168–175)

0.521

168(160–173)

168(163–174)

0.218

Weight(kg)

81(70–96)

82(70–95)

0.895

73(58–87)

75(61–89)

0.439

BMI(kg/cm²)

28(25–32)

28(25–32)

0.592

26(22–30)

26(22–30)

0.901

Rib amount

0.768

0.783

1–4

80(52%)

154(50%)

108(72%)

153(71%)

≥ 5

74(48%)

151(50%)

41(28%)

62(29%)

SOFA score

3(1–5)

3(2–5)

0.913

3(2–5)

3(1–5)

0.673

Mechanical

ventilation

64(42%)

133(27%)

0.676

45(30%)

61(28%)

0.706

Initial creatinine (mg/dL)

0.9(0.7–1.1)

0.8(0.7–1.1)

0.291

0.9(0.7–1.4)

0.9(0.8–1.2)

0.298

Rib surgery

12(7%)

24(8%)

0.977

3(2%)

5(2%)

0.842

AKI

31(20%)

43(14%)

0.097

23(15%)

18(8%)

0.036*

Stage 1

17(11%)

30(10%)

18(12%)

12(5%)

Stage 2

8(5%)

6(2%)

5(3%)

5(2%)

Stage 3

6(4%)

7(2%)

0

1

CO-morbidities

105(68%)

149(49%)

< 0.001*

116(78%)

131(61%)

0.001*

Hypertension

84(55%)

108(35%)

< 0.001*

70(47%)

85(40%)

0.158

Diabetes

31(20%)

51(17%)

0.062

49(33%)

40(19%)

0.002*

COPD

3(2%)

4(1%)

0.591

3(2%)

2(1%)

0.383

CHD

42(27%)

28(9%)

< 0.001*

56(38%)

31(14%)

< 0.010*

CKD

14(9%)

18(6%)

0.205

27(18%)

24(11%)

0.060

BPH

9(6%)

8(3%)

0.080

12(8%)

9(4%)

0.120

Urolithiasis

0

1

0.477

1

0

0.229

NSAIDS

Aspirin

90(58%)

89(60%)

Ibuprofen

32(21%)

35(23%)

Ketorolac

29(19%)

23(16%)

Others

3(2%)

2(1%)

Vasopressors

22(14%)

35(11%)

0.389

13(9%)

12(6%)

0.244

ACEI and ARB drugs

21(14%)

33(11%)

0.376

32(21%)

36(17%)

0.255

Nephrotoxic drugs

33(21%)

49(16%)

0.157

35(23%)

46(21%)

0.637