Table 2 Comprehensive analysis of stem cell therapy outcomes in dementia treatment: Transgenic mouse models and stem cell types
From: Stem cell therapy use in patients with dementia: a systematic review
Cell Class | Human PD-MSCs [25] | Human U-MSCs Human U-MSC-NCs [26] | Human A-MSCs [27] | Murine BM-MSCs [28] | Human BM-MSCs [29] | Human iPSC-derived neuronal precursors [30] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Transgenic Mice Model | Aβ1–42 cerebrally infused | B6C3-Tg (APPswe/ PSEN1dE9) | Tg2576 (APPswe), 3xTg-AD | APP/PS1 | Aβ1–42 cerebro-ventricular infused | PDAPP |
Injection Type | Intravenous | Bilateral intra-hippocampal stereotactic | Intravenous | Intravenous | Intravenous | Bilateral intra-hippocampal stereotactic |
Outcomes | Improved spatial memory (Morris water maze) Reduced expression of inflammatory proteins iNOS and COX-2, and an array of pro-inflammatory cytokines | Improved spatial memory (Morris water maze) Reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α), and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 in the U-MSC-NC | Improved spatial memory (Morris water maze) Reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 and TNF-α at week 1 Increased anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TNF-β at week 12 | Reduced levels of hippocampal TNF-α, IL-6, and elevated levels of hippocampal PTGER2 | Improved working memory performance (Radial Arm Maze) | Improved spatial memory (Morris water maze) 45 days post-operation Improved spatial memory (Morris water maze) |
Mechanism | -Neurotrophic support of endogenous neurogenesis -Modulation of inflammation - Microglia immune response. - Anti-amyloidogenic | -Modulation of inflammation -Microglia immune response | - Modulation of inflammation - Microglia immune response | - Modulation of microglial immune response | -Neurotrophic support of endogenous neurogenesis - Protection from Aβ neurotoxicity | Regeneration of depleted neural networks |