Table 1 Characteristics of atrial fibrillation/flutter ED patients, n = 9603

9603

7026 (73.2%)

2577 (26.8%)

Patient Characteristics

 Sex

  Female

5986 (62.3)

4457 (74.5)

1529 (25.5)

< 0.001

  Male

3617 (37.7)

2569 (71.0)

1048 (29.0)

 Age, years

  Mean (STD)

73.1 (11.4)

73.1 (11.8)

73.1 (9.9)

< 0.001

  < 64

1924 (20.0)

1495 (77.7)

429 (22.3)

  65–74

3334 (34.7)

2379 (71.4)

955 (28.6)

  ≥ 75–84

2663 (37.7)

1792 (67.3)

871 (32.7)

  ≥ 85

1682 (17.5)

1360 (80.9)

322 (19.1)

 Race/Ethnicity

< 0.001

  Black/African American

381 (4.0)

266 (69.8)

115 (30.2)

  Non-Hispanic White

7322 (76.3)

5433 (74.2)

1889 (25.8)

  Asian

650 (6.8)

450 (69.2)

200 (30.8)

  Multi/Other/Unknown

643 (6.7)

471 (73.3)

172 (26.8)

  Hispanic

607 (6.3)

406 (66.9)

201 (33.1)

Risk Stratification Scores

 Stroke Risk Stratification

  CHA₂DS₂-VASc, mean (SD)

3.5 (1.5)

3.5 (1.5)

3.6 (1.4)

0.12

  CHA₂DS₂-VASc Risk Categories

< 0.0001

   Score 2–3

5375 (56.0)

4009 (74.6)

1366 (25.4)

   Score 4–5

3144 (32.7)

2191 (69.7)

953 (30.3)

   Score 6–9

1084 (11.3)

826 (76.2)

258 (23.8)

 Bleeding Risk Stratification

  HAS-BLED, mean (SD)

1.6 (0.9)

1.6 (0.9)

1.6 (0.8)

1

  HAS-BLED Risk Categories

0.12

   Low/intermediate bleed risk (0–2)

4438 (46.2)

3248 (73.2)

1190 (26.8)

   High bleed risk (> 2)

5165 (53.8)

3778 (73.2)

1387 (26.9)

Eligible Encounters

< 0.0001

 1

7690 (80.1)

5348 (69.5)

2342 (30.5)

 2

1204 (12.5)

1038 (86.2)

166 (13.8)

 3–4

536 (5.6)

482 (89.9)

54 (10.1)

 > 4

173 (1.8)

158 (91.3)

15 (8.7)

Provider Characteristics

 Provider Years of Experience

0.14

  Mean (STD)

14.8 (8.5)

14.7 (8.5)

14.9 (8.5)

  Unknown

43 (0.45)

29 (67.4)

14 (32.6)

  < 10 years

3125 (32.5)

2328 (75.0)

797 (26.0)

  10–20 years

4143 (43.1)

3020 (72.9)

1123 (27.1)

  > 20 years

2292 (23.9)

1649 (72.0)

643 (28.0)

 Sex

  Female

3109 (32.4)

2243 (72.2)

866 (27.9)

0.11

  Male

6482 (67.5)

4777 (73.7)

1705 (26.3)

  Unknown

12 (0.1)

6 (50.0)

6 (50.0)

 Provider Race/Ethnicity

< 0.0001

  Black/African American

208 (2.2)

154 (74.0)

54 (26.0)

  Non-Hispanic White

5575 (30.9)

4197 (75.3)

1378 (24.7)

  Asian

2968 (30.1)

2045 (68.9)

923 (31.1)

  Multi/Other/Unknown

400 (4.2)

293 (73.3)

107 (26.7)

  Hispanic White

452 (4.7)

337 (74.6)

115 (25.4)

 Language/Race Concordance

  Provider-Patient Language Concordance

9268 (96.5)

6791 (73.3)

2477 (26.7)

0.21

  Provider-Patient Language Discordance

335 (3.5)

235 (70.2)

100 (29.9)

  Provider-Patient Race Concordance

4630 (48.2)

3485 (75.3)

1145 (24.7)

< 0.001

  Provider-Patient Race Discordance

4973 (51.8)

3541 (71.2)

1432 (28.8)

Hospital Characteristics

 ED Census, annual

  1,000 to 30,000 K

946 (9.9)

731 (77.3)

215 (22.7)

< 0.0001

  30,000 to 50,000

2865 (29.8)

2079 (72.6)

786 (27.4)

  50,000 to 70,000

3013 (31.38)

2120 (70.4)

893 (29.6)

  > 70,000

2779 (28.9)

2096 (75.4)

683 (24.6)

 Number of ED Beds

0.02

  1–20

1390 (14.5)

972 (70.0)

418 (30.0)

  20–30

2223 (23.2)

1634 (73.5)

589 (26.5)

  30 to 50

4287 (44.6)

3148 (73.4)

1139 (26.6)

  > 50

1703 (17.7)

1272 (74.7)

431 (25.3)

 Observation Unit

< 0.0001

  None

436 (4.5)

338 (77.5)

98 (22.5)

  Virtual Only

5085 (52.9)

3828 (75.3)

1257 (24.7)

  Non-Virtual (with or without virtual)

4082 (42.5)

2860 (70.1)

1222 (29.9)

 Encounters per Bed

< 0.0001

  < 1200

1517 (15.8)

1155 (76.1)

362 (23.9)

  1200–1800

4984 (51.9)

3697 (74.2)

1287 (25.8)

  > 1800

3102 (32.3)

2174 (70.1)

928 (29.9)