Table 1 Baseline demographic characteristic of the patients, according to study

Age (years, mean ± SD)

67.97 ± 14.40

66.84 ± 13.83

70.15 ± 15.44

0.286

Gender

 Male (n, %)

284, 73.20%

188, 73.43%

96, 72.73%

0.941

 Female (n, %)

104, 26.80%

68, 26.57%

36, 27.27%

Comorbidities and risk factors

 Hypertension (n, %)

244, 62.89%

168, 65.63%

76, 57.58%

0.442

 Chronic Cardiac disease (n, %)

116, 27.84%

56, 21.88%

20, 15.15%

0.474

 Diabetes mellitus (n, %)

120, 30.93%

80, 31.25%

40, 30.30%

0.925

 COPD (n, %)

20, 0.52%

12, 4.69%

8, 6.06%

0.775

 Emphysema(n, %)

20, 0.52%

8, 3.13%

8, 6.06%

0.236

 Current smoker

44, 11.34%

28, 10.94%

16, 12.12%

0.863

 COVID 19

200, 51.55%

136, 53.13%

64, 48.48%

0.669

 Time since symptom onset (d)

14.25 ± 13.22

13.13 ± 11.17

16.42 ± 16.47

0.246

 Whether the host is immunosuppressed (n, %)

27, 27.84%

14, 21.88%

13, 39.39%

0.069

 ROX index

5.9487 ± 2.6762

6.5779 ± 2.8139

6.5779 ± 2.8139

0.001

PSI score

0.001

 I (n, %)

3(3.09%)

3(4.69%)

0

 II (n, %)

10(10.31%)

9(14.06%)

1(3.03%)

 III (n, %)

25(25.77)

20(31.25%)

5(15.15%)

 IV (n, %)

38(39.18%)

23(35.94%)

15(45.45%)

 V (n, %)

21(21.65%)

9(14.06%)

12(36.36%)

 CURB-65

1.577 ± 0.945

1.422 ± 0.956

1.879 ± 0.857

0.023

 CPIS Score

1.879 ± 0.857

4.578 ± 1.434

5.242 ± 1.480

0.035

CT score

 0 h CT score

12.28 ± 4.132

11.52 ± 4.136

13.81 ± 3.736

0.011

 1 week CT score

11.53 ± 4.795

11.27 ± 5.196

11.96 ± 4.118

0.574

 APACHE II score

13.64 ± 6.327

12.71 ± 6.474

15.18 ± 5.844

0.076

 SOFA score

4.614 ± 2.826

3.946 ± 2.383

5.727 ± 3.175

0.004

 Glucocorticoid (n, %)

80, 82.47%

51, 79.69%

29, 87.88%

0.32